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Objective To provide a reliable and stable animal model for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). Methods Ninety C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy and 35 Gy radiation groups. The mice were executed at 4 weeks after radiation and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the liver serum were measured. HE staining was performed on the pathological liver tissues. Masson staining was performed at 36 weeks after radiation. Results Compared with the control group, the fatality rate was higher in the 30 and 35 Gy radiation groups, and the body weight significantly decreased in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups. Compared with the control group, alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in mice exposed to 20 Gy, while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased in mice exposed to 25 Gy. No significant changes were observed in the livers of the mice in the 20 and 25 Gy radiation groups, but pathological examination showed liver damage induced by both 20 and 25 Gy radiation. Conclusion A stable and reliable mouse model of RILD was constructed for treatment with linear accelerator. The mouse model of RILD constructed for stereotactic body radiation therapy using linear accelerator has significant research implications for the exploration of RILD.
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Objective:To investigate the association between plasma uric acid and hypertension and the gender difference in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing Tongzhou Yongshun Community Health Service Center from June to December 2021, among residents aged 45 years or older selected by cluster sampling method. According to plasma uric acid (UA) level in quartiles, the subjects were divided into 4 groups; and stratified by gender, the subjects were further divided into subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of hypertension, and restricted cubic spline fitting logistic regression model was used to analyze the nonlinear association between uric acid and hypertension and the cut-off values of uric acid.Results:A total of 6 229 residents with the age of (63.2±7.3) years were enrolled in the study. In 1 874 male participants (30.1%), 946 participants (50.5%) had hypertension, and the uric acid level was 359 (309, 418)μmol/L; in 4 355 female participants (69.9%), 2 003 participants (46.0%) had hypertension, and the uric acid level was 306 (261, 359)μmol/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors that were statistically significant in univariate analyses or potentially clinically relevant (including age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and cholesterol), uric acid was independently associated with hypertension ( P<0.001), for total participants the risk of hypertension in Q4 group was 1.33 times of that in Q1 group ( OR=1.33,95% CI 1.13-1.56, P=0.001); while for females the risk of hypertension in Q4 group was 1.38 times of that in Q1 group ( OR=1.38,95% CI 1.13-1.68, P=0.002), but no significant association was observed for males ( P>0.05). The results of restricted cubic spline fitting logistic regression analysis showed that there was a linear association between uric acid level and hypertension in the total population and males, and the risk of hypertension increased with uric acid level ( P<0.001 for the total population, P=0.016 for male). However, there was a non-linear association in females. When uric acid>307 μmol/L in females, the risk of hypertension increased significantly as the level of uric acid increased ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Uric acid level was independently associated with hypertension in the community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population, and there was a gender difference in the correlation. The association was nonlinear in females and the cut-off value of uric acid in females was 307 μmol/L.
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Objective:To explore health utility value, evaluate health-related quality-of-life(QOL)of pediatric liver transplantation(LT)recipients and examine its influencing factors to provide rationales for related health economic evaluations.Methods:This cross-sectional QOL was conducted through a questionnaire in pediatric LT recipients aged 5-17 years.The interviewees undergoing initial LT from June 2013 to September 2021 were reviewed regularly.Those children and their parents unwilling to participate or failing to understand the contents of questionnaire were excluded.The questionnaire was designed on the basis of Child Health Utility 9D Instrument(CHU9D)and answered online by one of primary caregiver.Chinese score system of CHU9D was employed for converting the responses into health utility values and the influencing factors were analyzed.Univariate analysis was performed by nonparametric tests and multivariate analysis by multiple linear regression model. P<0.05 was deemed as statistically significant. Results:A total of 140 valid questionnaires were obtained.Mean age of pediatric LT recipients was(7.95±2.74)years and mean postoperative time(4.90±2.17)years.Among them, 19 cases had experienced acute rejection and 101(72.1%)cases were living-related LT recipients.CHU9D scale indicated that average health utility value was(0.85±0.14)points.Univariate analysis revealed that age( P=0.008), education level( P<0.001)and primary disease( P=0.010)influenced the postoperative level of QOL.Multivariate analysis indicated that QOL was correlated with education level(behind schedule: 95% CI: -0.146, -0.034, P=0.002; leave of absence: 95% CI: -0.251, -0.068, P=0.001). Conclusions:Health utility of pediatric LT recipients is high with an excellent QOL.Poor QOL is associated with absence from school or dropping out of school.
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Objective:To explore the distribution of pathogenic bacteria during perioperative period of kidney transplantation(KT)patients and examine drug resistance of major clinical pathogens to commonly used antibiotics to provide references for empirical medication of pathogenic bacteria infection after KT.Methods:From January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, 251 patients undergoing deceased donation KT on kidney transplant ward were selected.Clinical samples were collected and distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria examined for analyzing the incidence of possible donor-derived infections and predicting prognoses.Results:The detection rate of pathogens was 12.18%(367/3 014). A total of 225 non-repetitive strains were isolated.Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi accounted for 48.89%(110/225), 43.11%(97/225)and 8.00%(18/225). The proportion of lavage fluid in all isolated bacteria was 49.78%(112/225). And Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated.Drainage fluid accounted for 24.88%(56/225)and Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus haemolyticus predominated.Urine accounted for 18.67%(42/225)with a dominance of Enterococcus faecium; blood accounted for 6.22%(14/225)with a dominance of S. epidermidis.All detected pathogens showed varying degrees of resistance.The resistance rates of E. faecium to ampicillin, vancomycin and linezolid were 93.33%(28/30), 6.45%(2/31)and 38.71%(12/31). The resistance rates of K. pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems were 71.43%(20/28)and 80.00%(12/15). The incidence of possible donor-derived infection was 3.59%(9/251)and there was no mortality.Conclusions:The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria is high in KT patients during perioperative period.There is a diverse distribution of isolates of different specimen types and all detected pathogens show varying degrees of drug resistance.Clinicians should regularly analyze the distribution characteristics and causes of drug-resistant bacteria.And antibiotics should be optimized according to the results of drug sensitivity.
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Objective@#To introduce a method for calibrating the conversion from CT Hounsfield units (HU) to relative stopping power (RSP) for proton therapy, and improve the precision of the conversion in the region for adipose tissues.@*Methods@#The HU and RSP values of human tissues were calculated by a stoichiometric calibration method. Animal tissue was used to simulate subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients, and the HU and RSP of the animal tissue were measured. The effect of subcutaneous adipose tissue on conversion between HU and RSP were analyzed by piecewise fitting.@*Results@#The precision of conversion curve was improved significantly with the measured HU and RSP of adipose tissue in the fitting. The effect caused by different choice in different ionization energy was less than 0.6%, and the effect of proton energy differential was less than 0.8%.@*Conclusions@#The precision of conversion curve for the transformation of HU into RSP in adipose tissues could be improved by taking subcutaneous adipose tissue into account, which would reduce the range error of proton beams when such tissues are present in the target volumes or in the beam path.
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Objective To introduce a method for calibrating the conversion from CT Hounsfield units (HU) to relative stopping power ( RSP) for proton therapy, and improve the precision of the conversion in the region for adipose tissues. Methods The HU and RSP values of human tissues were calculated by a stoichiometric calibration method. Animal tissue was used to simulate subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients, and the HU and RSP of the animal tissue were measured. The effect of subcutaneous adipose tissue on conversion between HU and RSP were analyzed by piecewise fitting. Results The precision of conversion curve was improved significantly with the measured HU and RSP of adipose tissue in the fitting. The effect caused by different choice in different ionization energy was less than 0. 6％, and the effect of proton energy differential was less than 0. 8％. Conclusions The precision of conversion curve for the transformation of HU into RSP in adipose tissues could be improved by taking subcutaneous adipose tissue into account, which would reduce the range error of proton beams when such tissues are present in the target volumes or in the beam path.
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Objective To investigate the effect of respiratory movement of different amplitude,period and direction on the dose distribution of target area in dynamic intensity modulated radiation therapy.Methods A total of 30 cases of lung cancer were selected and divided into three groups according to the volume size of the target area,including groups A (72.0-200.2 cm3),B (271.7-380.0 cm3) and C (498.9-684.9 cm3).The average volume was 151.5,327.1 and 583.3 cm3,respectively.Breathing motion simulation platform was used to drive the mode body with two-dimensional ionization chamber matrix along the Gun-Target direction,then turn the collimator to 0° and 90°,respectively.The doses were collected at the central level in different amplitudes of 0,4,8,12 and 15 mm,periodic respiratory movement at the intervals of 3,4 and 5 s and respiratory motion measurement with a cycle of 4 s 5 times.The difference of dose distribution between the collected dose and TPS output was analyzed by taking the absolute dose and γ-passing rate (3 mm/3％) as indicators.Results In the two-sided upward,respiratory movement reduced the dose at the medial edge of the target area and increased the dose at the lateral edge of the target area.The difference of γ-passing rate between respiration cycle was up to 3.54％ (t=2.301,P＜0.05),and when the respiration movement was more than 8 mm,the γ-passing rate was less than 90％ and decreased with the increase of amplitude.The difference of γ-passing rate between static and respiratory motion was negatively correlated with the volume of target area,and the average γ-passing rate of A,B and C three groups increased gradually.The γ-passing rate of 5 composited dose was higher than that of single dose,and the difference was statistically sigificant(t=-9.36--5.95,P＜0.05).Conclusions The dose distribution of dynamic IMRT target area is mainly influenced by respiration range and its own volume,and the respiration cycle has an effect on dose distribution under partial amplitude.After implementing the multiple doses,some single dose implementation errors can be eliminated.Physicians need to expand the target area reasonably according to the range of respiratory movement,and optimize the amount of marginal tissue in the target area in the direction of respiratory movement.For patients with small target volume and large respiratory movement,respiratory management technology should be adopted to improve the accuracy of target dose implementation.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in health check-up population of Beijing suburb.Methods Total 1 336 rural residents in Nankou Township of Beijing received health check-up from July to Aug 2014,including 686 subjects aged 20-59 years (young/middle-aged group) and 650 subjects aged 60-96 years (elderly group).The blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured;serum uric acid (SUA),fasting blood glucose (FBG) and blood lipids (TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C) were determined.The SUA levels ＞ 420 μmol/L for male and ＞ 360 μmol/L for female were defined as hyperuricemia.Results The four quartiles of SUA levels were 27.00-254.59 μmol/L (Q1),254.60-302.35 μmol/L (Q2),302.36-359.78 μmol/L(Q3) and 359.79-702.0 μmol/L (Q4).The prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher in young/middle-aged group than that in elderly group [20.41％ (140/686) vs.13.85％ (90/650),x2 =10.08,P =0.001 5],the systolic blood pressure [SBP,(126.8±15.7) vs.(116.7±12.0)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=2.76,P=0.008],FBG [(7.40±4.10) vs.(6.11 ±2.03)mmol/L,t=2.12,P=0.036],TC [(5.52±1.10) vs.(5.23±1.00)mmol/L,t =2.04,P =0.045],LDL-C [(3.5 ±0.7) vs.(2.4 ±0.9)mmol/L,t =2.21,P =0.029]in young/middle-aged group were significantly higher than those in elderly group.BMI,FBG were significantly higher in Q4 than those in other quartiles [BMI:(26.44 ± 3.88) vs.(24.19 ± 3.37),(25.49±3.42) and (25.61 ±3.49)kg/m2,t =2.78,P=0.008;FBG:(8.19 ±1.52) vs.(6.34±1.34),(6.09 ± 1.51) and (6.40 ± 1.98) mmol/L,t =2.80,P =0.007].The triglyceride (TG) levels in group Q3 and Q4 [(1.85 ± 0.90) and (1.92 ± 0.44) mmol/L] were higher than those in Q1 and Q2 [(1.37 ±0.76) and (1.70 ±0.84) mmol/L,t =2.1,P =0.035].Only 9.57％ subjects (22/230)with hyperuricemia was not combined with metabolic disorder;subjects combined with one and two metabolic disorders accounted for 20.87％ (48/230) and 69.57％ (160/230),respectively.Conclusion Screening for hyperuricemia is important for comprehensiye treatment and management of hyperuricemia in rural residents,especially in the young and middle-aged population.
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Objective To assess clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid in treating postoperative intracranial infec-tion after neurosurgery operation,and provide clinical basis for the treatment of postoperative intracranial infection. Methods From January 2011 to December 2012,clinical data of 51 neurosurgery patients receiving linezolid for trea-ting postoperative intracranial infection were collected,changes in symptoms,temperature,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)bacterial culture,as well as white blood cell (WBC)count,protein and glucose in CSF before and after therapy were compared,clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid in the treatment of postoperative intracranial infection were assessed based on the diagnostic criteria for intracranial infection.Results After linezolid treatment,30 cases of postoperative intracranial infection were cured,and linezolid was effective in 1 2 cases,improved in 5 cases,and ineffective in 4 cases,total effective rate was 92.16%.Of 47 cases with effective therapy,the mean therapy day were 12.5 d (2-27 d),11 of whom isolated gram-positive bacteria from CSF before therapy,and CSF culture were all negative after linezolid therapy.Conclusion Linezolid is effective for treating intracranial infection caused by Staphylococci,Enterococci and other gram-positive bacteria which failed to response to vancomycin therapy.
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Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the apoptosis mechanisms of glioblasto-ma cell line U87 induced by sodium cantharidinate ( SCA) in vitro.Methods Growth inhibition of U87 by 0.625μg/mL,1.25μg/mL,2.5μg/mL,5μg/mL SCA at 24 h,48 h,72 h were analyzed by MTT assay respec-tively.Morphological changes of U 87 nuclear were detected by fluorescence microscope .U87 cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were detected after SCA treatment for 24 h and 48 h by flow cytometry.The changes of apoptosis-related genes Bcl -2,Bax,Caspase-3 expression were analyzed after 24 h of SCA treatment by RT -PCR as-say.Results MTT assay showed that growth inhibition of U 87 cell induced by SCA was accompanied with the in-creased drug concentration ,Hoechst33258 staining showed the morphology of apoptotic U 87 cells nucleui ,chromo-some condensation ,nuclear condensation ,some nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies .Flow cy-tometry showed that SCA could induce cell cycle arrest at the G 2/M phase,and could induce apoptosis of U87.RT-PCR results showed that after 24 h of SCA treatment caspase -3,bax expression of U87 was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Our results demonstrate that SCA can inhibit U87 pro-liferation and induce apoptosis of U 87 .